This article is only for educational purposes and is not to be used for diagnosing eczema. Eczema needs to be diagnosed by a medical practitioner. Please consult your medical practitioner for further information or advice.

What is it?

Eczema, also referred to as atopic dermatitis, is frequently seen in early childhood. It is characterised by symptoms such as dry and itchy skin1. It can be triggered by genetic and environmental factors2.

What does it look like?

Eczema can present as itchy, scaly and inflamed patches of skin1. Scratch marks are often seen due to the itchiness. Sometimes a little blister might appear and weep1. Baby eczema is most likely to first develop on the cheeks and scalp3.

What causes it?

Eczema is associated with a mutation in filaggrin, a gene which is crucial for skin barrier formation1. People prone to eczema only have one copy of filaggrin, instead of two, which leads to a limited ability to address skin barrier damage1. A reduced quantity of ceramides in the stratum corneum has also been seen in people with a filaggrin mutation4. Ceramides are the major lipids in the stratum corneum1. They are involved in retaining water in the skin barrier and maintaining its integrity4.

What to do about it?

Daily bathing and regular moisturising are important in helping manage eczema5.  Immediately after bathing and at least twice daily, a fragrance free and soap free moisturiser should be applied to the skin. It is necessary to consult your medical practitioner on how to address the symptoms of eczema / atopic dermatitis. Topical and non-topical medications may be required in some cases.